Hydraulic motor and air-compressor.



No. 629,869. Patented Aug. I, i899.

-T. I). PERRY.

HYDRAULICMUTOR AND AIR CUMPRESSUR.

(Application ed Apr. 15, 1897. Rqnewed June 1D, 1899.)

[nu Nadel.)

, uw mi L12/CR? UNITED STATES..

PATENT. OFFICE.

THOMAS O. PERRY, OF CHCAGO, lLLlNOIS.

HYDRAULlC `'IVIOTOR AND AIR-COMPRESSOR- srnorrron'rlon forming part of Y'Letters Patent No. 629,869, dated August i, 189'9. Application ma Agni 15,1897. alarmante 10,1899. serai No. 720;@84. on model.)

To atl whom, tm/ay concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS 0. PERRY, a citizen of the United States,`residing at Chicago,county of Cook, and Stateof Illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Motors and Air- Compressors,

specitication, reference being had to the accompanying d rawings,forming a part thereof.

This invention is designed to beapplicable to all purposes wherein water or other liquid from asource of supply under pressure is employed to produce movement. It is especially applicable to the purpose of producing air compression, elevating water, operatingv ,organ-bellows, -and other like purposes for which water-motors are employed. I have illustrated it as applied to the purpose of air compression, the whole device constituting a hydraulic air-compressor.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an axial section of my improved hydraulic motor and air-compressor.

ally operated when the cap of the case containing the same and the diaphragm are re- A moved. Fig. 3 is a section at the line 3 3 ony Fig. l. ,Fig. 4 is a detail section at the line 4 4: on Fig. l.

A is a chamber which is closedat the top` by a cap or domel A, betweenwhich and the chamber the diaphragm B is bound at its margin. At the top of the dome an outlet` is provided through the cap Ab, theopening 'into which is controlled by a check-valve C,.` opening outward -from the dome. From they cap Ab the pipe D leads to thecompressedair or storage chamber or service system. At`

one side the dome Au there is formed a valvechamberAc at the end of the boss Ad, through which the duct Ae leads'f'rom the chamber vhead E to close the open end, through which a perforated diaphragm Ee is first inserted in the construction and secured a little below which are fully set forth in the following Fig. 2 is a plan'view of thel mechanism by which the val ves are automaticupper a set-screw ec, serves to bind the capE onto the under side of the chamber, and said yoke being relieved by slacking the screw e0 the entire cylinder is removable and brings with it the valve lodged aboveit. This valve is a check-valve opening inward and serving to admit air above the diaphragm. and prevent its escape.

A cap Ab is bound into the top of the drum Aa by a cross-bar A?, which extends above the cap, and is secured by the bolts Af Af, which are screwed into the upper boss of the drum at opposite sides of the cap and penetrate the cross-bar, which is secured by nuts on the bolts above it. A check-valve C is lodged on a suitable seat Ca4 at the center of the drum under the cap Ab, and at the center of the cap there is a downwardly-projecting stop-pin Ag, which allows the valve only a slight upward movement, which prevents it from being dislodged from its seat, while permitting it to lift'from the seat suliiciently to permit the proper discharge of the air past it. Y

At the center ofA the bottom of the chamber A a T-fitting Gis connected thereto, with its cross vertical and its stem lateral, and into the latter there is screwed the watersupply pipe' g. The cross oi'l the T is bored out to form a slight stop-shoulder at Ga, and two disks Gb G", connected and penetrated by four hollow posts GC Gic and made rigid vwith each other by said connection, constitute when driven into the cross of the T until the disk is stopped by the shoulder V(ifEL a chamber bounded at top and bottom by the two disks and laterally by the wall of the cross of the T-ttiug, into which chamber the water-supply pipe leads through the stem of the T. Both the disks are apertured at the center, theaperture gb of the lowerdisk being larger than the aperture g in the upper,

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and in the lower disk there are set projecting the lower end, said valvebeing adapted to enter between the guide-pins Gd and rest on the lower surface of the disk Gb, closing the aperture therethrough, which is one of the valve-ports. On the stem between the disks is a stop-collar H, which is practically also of the nature of a valve. The diameter of the stop-collar is equal to the diameter' of the valve-port, and the valve-stem above this collar ts, but not necessarily water-tight, the aperture gb` in the upper disk Gb and is thence extended upward, as hereinafter described, through the operating-chamber A.

In the lower end of the cross of the T-iitting G is screwed a hollow plug or coupling I, whose upper end constitutes a second port to be closed by the valve Hb, a suitable valveseat being formed by screwing into said upper end a thimble or bushing Ib. Into the lower end of the coupling there is connected a discharge-pipe 1b, which may be of any convenient or desired length, the variations in the length having only the effect to vary the force and consequent rapidity with which the chamber is relieved of water at the times in the operations of the service when such relief is the proper action. Upon an inspection of this structure it will be observed that water entering through the pipe g when the valve Hb is seated over the downwardly-opening port through the bushing Ib will pass through the port gb into the space below the lower disk Gb and cannot escape through the port I, but can find its way upward through the hollow posts Gc to the space above the upf per disk Gb and thence into the chamber A, and that water in the chamber A when the valve Ha is seated, closing the port gb, can pass down through the small hollow posts Gc and under the valve Hb out through the port 1b into and through the waste-pipe lb. Into 'the upper end of the T-fitting G, I screw the pipe J, which extends up. into the chamber A to a point somewhat below the lowest position of the diaphragm B, and the stem H of the valve Ha is extended up through the pipe J and protrudes above it and is connected to mechanism, which will now be described, which is operated by the diaphragm, so that the diaphragm causes the seating of the valve over the ports which it controls.

At the bottom of the chamber A there is mounted a standard K, which is penetrated at the center by the pipe J and has arms Kb Kb, which afford fulcrums for the levers concerned in the operations hereinafter described. On said standard are trunnions Kb Kb, which project in opposite directions at a diametric plane through the chamber, and on. said'trunnions are f ulcru med three levers. The rst lever L is weighted, as seen at Lb Lbthat is, at the outer end of the side bars of said lever, which is made in the form of a yoke whose side bars are connected by a crossbar Z-while the second lever N, also made in the form of a yoke, with side bars connected bya cross-bar, is weighted at the cross tended with the abutment Mb lodged upon the finger Nb, and if the opposite weighted ,Y ends of both of said levers are lifted, so that they stand at an angle to each other about their common fulcrum,- each is free to fall independently of the other until said linger of the one is encountered by the abutment on the other. The lever M is so heavily weighted that when the two levers are thus engaged by the engagement of the finger and abutment the weighted end of the lever M will descend and the weighted end of the lever N will rise and the two levers will occupy positions in which they will extend, respectively, in opposite directions from their fulcrum, the lever M being below and the lever N above the level of the fulcrum, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, unless that is prevented by the action of the other parts. The cross-bar of the lever L extends across under the lever M, and the latter therefore tends to rest upon said cross-bar whenever said lever L is in any position where it can arrest the descent of the lever Mthat is to say, whenever said lever, being free to fall and falling, engages by means of its abutment Mb the finger Nb of the lever N, as above described, with a tendency to overbalance and lift the latter up. To the arms Kb Kc of the standard K there are pivoted latches O and P, respectively, which are adapted to engage the weighted ends of the levers N and M, respectively, when said weighted ends are elevated, and the studs kb cb, which project from the arms Kb KC, respectively, overhang the tails Ob and Pb of the latches O and P, respectively, and keep the latches from falling out of the position suitable for becoming engaged witlr said weighted ends of the levers when they are respectively elevated. On the arms Kb Kc there are also stop-pins o p, which project above the latches, respectively, and keep them from being thrown or carried out of position upwardly. One side bar of the lever L has an upwardly-extending finger Lb, from which pin Lc projects horizontally, the range of oscillation of said pin as the lever L rocks over its fulcrum between the limits indicated in full line and dotted line in the positions shown in Fig. 1 being such as to carry the pin from a position where it operates upon lthe tail of the latch O to disengage it from the weighted end Nb of the lever N to a position at which it performs a similar office in respect to the latch 1), disengaging it from the weighted end of the lever M.

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Now, considering the parts thus far described of this mechanism, it will be seen that normally the -weighted arm L will be at the latch P. lf now by any means the weightedV arms L are lifted, depressing the cross-bar Z, the stud Lc will be carried over against the tail of the latch P and will disengagesaid latch from the weight Ma, and thereupon the weight will fall, and will thereby cause the weight N to rise and become engaged with the latch O, and that if, the parts being in the position thus reached, the weighted arm L of the lever L is caused or permitted to descend the cross-bar l of that lever, encountering the weighted end M:L of the lever M, will lift the latter to the position shown in full lines in Fig. l, where it will become engaged again by the la'tch P, and in such movement of the lever L the stud-pin LC will have encountered the tail of the latch O and released the weight N of the lever N, permitting the same to fall until its iin ger Nb encounters the abutment Mb on the lever M. It will be seen that in each of these movements the unlatchin gand consequent fall of the weights M Na, dac., occurs only at the limit of the oscillation of the lever L. These parts are thus contrived and related for the purpose of eecting instantaneously the complete opening and closing of the valve Ha-that is, the lifting of said valve from its seat over one of the ports which it controls instantaneously to its seat overthe other port, so that the waterente ing through the pipe g shall find escape into the waste-pipe closed and the passage into the chamber A opened, or, the valve being reversed, the supply shall be cut off at the instantthat the waste-passage is opened to permit the chamber A to drain. It will be observed that such action is essential, since otherwise-that is, in case of the slow movement o f the valve from one port to the other-there will be aninterval during which water would be entering through the supply-pipe g and passing out directly into the waste-pipe, vand thereby wasting the water during the entire period of movement of the valve. The movements thus described of these levers L, M, and N are made available for the purpose of connecting the lever L to-the diaphragm B and the lever N to the valve-stem Hf. The connection of the lever yL with the diaphragm is made by means of a leverS, fulcrum'ed on the arm Kc of the standard K and connected to the lugs Bc B,whieh constitute the stem of the disk B, which is clamped at the centerro the diaphragm B by the bolt b which binds the diaphragm and vthe countenclainp Ba. The form of the lever S is a yoke or H shaped frame, adopted merely for convenience in pivoting and connecting the same in vew of the grouping of theparts. Y

-Links T T, operating practically asone link,I extend from the side bars of the leverS to the side bars of the lever L, being pivoted thereto at t comparatively near to the fulcrum of the TheY purpose of interposing between the diaphragm and the lever L the parts described instead of making a directconnection is that thereby the diaphragm is not liable to be distorted, as it might be by an oblique strain upon it, which would be the result of a vdirect connection. At the same time 1 amable with this connection to operate with leverage. The connection of the valve-stem H to the lever N is madeby means of alever U U, fulcrumed on a fitting U, secured atA the upper end of the pipe J and connected to the valvestem near its fulcrum and connected by a link W at a point relatively remote -from its fulcru m downward to said levervN, to which it is pivoted at n. (See Fig. 2.)Y The arc of the movement of the pivot of the valve-stem Vto the lever U is so short and the range of Inovement being about equal above and below the horizontal plane throughv the fulcrumof the lever U that the path of the pivot is nearlya straight line, it is not necessary to provide any accommodation for the departure from said line. The arc of movement of the pivotal connection of the lever S to the lugs which constitute the stern of the diaphragm, while somewhat longer, nevertheless involves a range of movement from a point above the horizon tal plane for the fulcrum from the lever to a point equally below said plane, so that the diaphragm itself aords by its iiexil bility suicient accommodation for the departure of the stem from the vertical path.'

The link W is at its lower end deiiected and made U-shaped for connection with the lever N, and thereby made somewhat elastic and constituting an elastic element inthe connec tion between the lever N and the valve-stem,

the purpose of which is to insure the full seat-v ing of the valve by the time the lever lN falls to its stopped position, the range of elastic extensibility of the lever constituting a slight margin for movement of the lever after the valve seats. Y l

It will be understood from an inspection of this structure that when theY chamber is emptied, the diaphragm being drawn down to a position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, the

waste-port IfL is closed, and water being ad" mitted through the Vsupply-pipe g, passing down through the port gbfand up through the hollow posts G and entering throughV the chamber-A,will force the diaphragm upward, driving the air out above it through the checkvalve C. When thelimit of this movement is reached, the lever has been rocked over to the position where it encountersthetail of the latch and permits the weight N? to drop, with` the result above described of instantly lifting the valve-steinv H, closingthe port gbl, cutting ol the waterfsupply, and openingthe waste, sothatthechamberAmaydrain The drainage-of the chamber will cause air to be roo IIO

drawn in through the check-valve above the diaphragm B, and the downward movement of the diaphragm consequent upon the drainage of the water will by rocking the lever L in an opposite direction release the latch P and reverse the movements of the several levers and drop the valve again to its former position. Thus with a continuous supply of water under pressure through the pipe g the device operates to pump air into any chamber connected to the cap Ab above the valveseat.

In order to aitord an opportunity for the escape from the upper part of the water-chamber of air which is liable to accumulate therein from the water which ordinarily contains more or less air, I provide the vent-pipe X, leading from the top of the chamber into the water inlet and outlet pipe, so that as the water ilows out through that pipe it will draw with it the air through the pipe X.

It should be noticed that the weighting of the lever L, while not essential to the mechanical movement described,performs a very important function in that it serves todistribute and equalize the strain upon the diaphragm,which otherwise would be subjected to the greater strain during the upward movement while the water is entering, thus diminishing the total work which it is capable of doing in both movements or else imposing upon it in the upward movement a strain which tends to rapidly deteriorate it. The same general utility pertains to the entire structure-viz.,that the weighted levers serve, by the duty which theyimpose upon the diaphragm of lifting weight during its entire movement in either direction,to distribute the work of the diaphragm throughout the entire movement, although the effect of that work, consisting in lifting the valve or operating any other device, is obtained at the limits of the movement.

I claiml. In combination with a water-receiving chamber having inlet and outlet ports and a wall or partition adapted to move with the entrance and discharge of water; valve mechanism which controls said ports, and mechanism within the chamber operating and operated by the moving wall or parts thereon and connected to or adapted to operate the valve mechanism and comprising weighted levers which movethe valve mechanism, to open and close the inletand outlet ports; detaining devices for said levers, and releasing devices for the detaining devices which are operated by the moving wall or partition toward the limits only of its movements respectively.

2. In combination with the water-receiving chamber, the moving partition therein, air inlety and outletvalves at one side of said partition and water inlet and outlet ports and a valvev mechanism to control the same at the other side of said partition, mechanism within the chamber operated by the moving partition thereof and connected to and adapted to operate the water-controlling valve mechanism, and comprising weighted levers which move the water-controllin g valve to open and close the inlet and outlet ports, detaining devices for the same and releasing devices for said detaining devices operated by the moving partition toward the limits only of its movements respectively.

' 3. In combination with the water-chamber having a moving wall or partition and inlet and outlet ports and Valve mechanism to control such ports; two weighted levers fulcrumed within the chamber and adapted to operate together in one direction and inde= pendently in the other direction about their respective fulcrums; a third lever which is fulcrumed within the chamber and is adapted to lift one of the weighted levers, and which is operatively connected to the moving wall or partition; latches adapted to engage the two weighted levers respectively to hold them in elevated position, the third lever having suitable means for disengaging the latches alternately as it oscillates and approaches the limits respectively of its oscillation, and connections from one of the two weighted levers to the valve mechanism.

4. In combination with the chamber A, its

moving wall or partition and the inlet and outlet ports and a valve which controls both of said ports; two weighted levers fulcrumed within said chamber adapted 'to operate together in one direction and independently in the other direction about their fulcrums, a third lever fulcrumed within the chamber adapted to lift one of the weighted levers and operatively connected to the moving wall; latches adapted to engage the weighted levers to hold them in elevated position, the third lever having suitable means for disengaging the latches alternately as it oscillates and toward the limits respectively of its oscillation, and connections from one of said weighted levers to the valve-stem.

5. In combination with the water-chamber having a movable wall or diaphragm, the water-'inlet extending up through the bottom of the chamber; the valve which controls the same havin ga stem which extends up through said inlet; the levers M and N having their fulcrums fixed withrespect to the chamber and being relatively weighted so that the lever M predominates over the lever N,- said levers being adapted to engage by the descending movement of their weighted ends and to be disengaged by the opposite movement; the lever L adapted to lift` the lever M and operativelyconnected to the moving wall,

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and the lever N being operatively connected its stem extending through said pipe and operatively connected with the moving Wall, the air-vent opening at the upper part of the chamber and leading into the water-outlet pipe.

7. In combination with the Water-chamber A, the water-connection fitting having the apertured disks Gb G, constituting diaphragms therein connected by hollow posts, GC, the valve-stem penetrating said disks and having the valve adapted to seat below the lower thereof, the waste-port below said valve adapted to be closed thereby when it movesaway from the port in the diaphragm, and the water-inlet leading laterally into the fitting between the diaphragrns.

8. In combination with a chamber and its moving wall, the` levers L, M and N operating therein, as described, the lever L being connected to the moving wall and the lever and a clamp to bind said chamber onto the valve-chamber; whereby upon releasing the clamp the chamber E and valve are removable.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses, at Chicago, Illinois, this THOMAS O. PERRY.` Witnesses:

CHAs. S. BURTON, JEAN ELLIOTT.

10th day of April, 35 

